Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a medical condition where the force of the blood against the artery walls is consistently too high. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is represented by two numbers: systolic pressure (the higher number) and diastolic pressure (the lower number). A reading of 130/80 mmHg or higher is considered hypertensive. Persistent high blood pressure can lead to serious health issues such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney problems because it causes the heart to work harder and damages blood vessels over time.
People with hypertension might not experience any noticeable symptoms for years, which is why it's often called the "silent killer." However, some can experience headaches, shortness of breath, or nosebleeds, though these symptoms typically appear only when blood pressure reaches a dangerously high level. In many cases, the condition is discovered during routine medical check-ups. Because it can remain asymptomatic, regular monitoring of blood pressure is crucial for early detection and management.
Treatment for hypertension usually involves a multifaceted approach including lifestyle changes and medications. Adopting a healthy diet, such as the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet, which is rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy, can lower blood pressure. Regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, reducing sodium intake, and limiting alcohol consumption also contribute positively. If lifestyle changes aren't sufficient, doctors may prescribe medications such as diuretics, ACE inhibitors, or beta-blockers to help control blood pressure. Regular follow-up with healthcare providers to monitor and adjust the treatment plan is essential for effective management of hypertension.
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